Atypical lymphadenitis presenting with positive Mantoux and Quantiferon: description of a case.

Key words: Lymphadenitis, Mantoux, Quantiferon, Atypical Mycobacterial Adenitis

Atypical mycobacterial infections are a common cause of chronic cervicofacial lymphadenitis especially in 1-5 year-old children. Although tuberculous mycobacterial adenitis are less frequent among this age group, it is important to consider them in the differential diagnosis, because of the increasing incidence of tuberculosis even in Developed Countries. Considering the high sensitivity and specificity of Tuberculin skin test and Quantiferon, these tests are normally performed to exclude Tuberculosis. The authors report and discuss the case of a patient with Atypical Mycobacterial Adenitis of parotid gland, positive Tuberculin skin test and Quantiferon but with definitive diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium lymphadenitis.